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《當我們一起》各章相關注釋

《當我們一起》各章相關注釋

當我們一起 疏離的時代， 愛與連結是弭平傷痕、終結孤獨的最強大復原力量 

注釋

 

前言 迫切需要解決的世代問題

  1. Tom Hanks, Boatlift, YouTube, Directed by Eddie Resenstein and Rick Velleu (USA: Eyepop Productions, 2011), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDOrzF7B2Kg.

 

第一章 人際連結是生命之鑰

  1. Bruce A. Austin, “Factorial Structure of the UCLA Loneliness Scale,” Psychological Reports 53, no. 3 (December 1983): 883–89,

https://doi.org/10.2466%2Fpr0.1983.53.3.883.

  1. Louise C. Hawkley, Michael W. Browne, and John T. Cacioppo, “How Can I Connect With Thee? Let Me Count the Ways,” Psychological Science 16, no. 10 (October 2005): 798–804, https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.2005.01617.x.
  2. Stephanie Cacioppo, Angela J. Grippo, Sarah London, and John T. Cacioppo,“Loneliness: Clinical Import and Interventions,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, no. 2 (2015): 238–49, https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615570616.
  3. Bianca DiJulio, Liz Hamel, Cailey Muñana, and Mollyann Brodie, “Loneliness and Social Isolation in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan: An International Survey,” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, August 30,2018, https://www.kff.org/other/report/loneliness-and-social-isolation-inthe-united-states-the-united-kingdom-and-japan-an-international-survey/.
  4. G. Oscar Anderson and Colette E. Thayer, “Loneliness and Social Connections:A National Survey of Adults 45 and Older,” AARP Foundation, 2018,http://doi.org/10.26419/res.00246.001.
  5. 2018 Cigna U.S. Loneliness Index: Survey of 20,000 Americans Examining Behaviors Driving Loneliness in the United States,” Cigna, May 2018, https://www.multivu.com/players/English/8294451-cigna-us-loneliness-survey/docs/IndexReport_1524069371598-173525450.pdf.
  6. Parminder Raina, Christina Wolfson, Susan Kirkland, and Lauren Griffith,“The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Report on Health and Aging in Canada: Findings from Baseline Data Collection 2010–2015,”Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), May 2018, https://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/clsa_report_en_final_web.pdf.
  7. Australian Loneliness Report: A survey exploring the loneliness levels of Australians and the impact on their health and wellbeing,” Australian Psychological Society and Swinburne University, Psychweek.org.au, November 17, 2018, https://www.psychweek.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Psychology-Week-2018-Australian-Loneliness-Report.pdf.
  8. “All the Lonely People: Loneliness in Later Life,” Age UK, September 25,2018, https://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/articles/2018/october/allthe-lonely-people-report/.
  9. “Do Europeans Feel Lonely?,” Eurostat, June 28, 2017, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20170628-1.
  10. Nicolas Tajan, Hamasaki Yukiko, and Nancy Pionnié-Dax, “Hikikomori: The Japanese Cabinet Office’s 2016 Survey of Acute Social Withdrawal,” The Asia-Pacific Journal 15, issue 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): Article ID 5017, https://apjjf.org/2017/05/Tajan.html.
  11. “613,000 in Japan aged 40 to 64 are recluses, says first government survey of hikikomori,” The Japan Times, March 29, 2019, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/03/29/national/613000-japan-aged-40-64-recluses-says-firstgovernment-survey-hikikomori/#.XdW3QZNKgWo.
  12.  Jordan Muto, “‘I didn’t want to be alive’. . .”: Michael Phelps talks about struggle with depression,” Today, December 13, 2017, https://www.today.com/health/michael-phelps-struggle-depression-mental-health-issues-t119969.
  13. Harper’s BAZAAR Staff, “Lady Gaga On Love and Lies,” Harper’s BAZAAR,February 5, 2017, https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/news/a1542/lady-gaga-interview-0314/.
  14. Elahe Izadi, “‘You are not alone’: Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson opens up about depression,” Washington Post, April 2, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/04/02/you-are-not-alonedwayne-the-rock-johnson-opens-up-about-depression/.
  15.  J. K. Rowling, “Text of J.K. Rowling’s Speech,” Harvard Gazette, June 5, 2018,https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/.
  16. Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy Smith, and J. Bradley Layton, “Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review,” PLOS Medicine 7, no.7 (July 2010), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316.
  17.  Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B. Smith, Mark Baker, Tyler Harris, and David Stephenson, “Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, no. 2 (2015): 227–37, https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352.
  18. Louise C. Hawkley and John T. Cacioppo, “Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms,” Annals of Behavioral Medicine 40, no. 2 (October 2010): 218–27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8.
  19. Campaign to End Loneliness, “Family Doctors Ill-Equipped for Loneliness Epidemic,” British Journal of Family Medicine, November 15, 2013, https://www.bjfm.co.uk/family-doctors-ill-equipped-for-loneliness-epidemic.

 

第二章 孤獨的演化史

  1. Tim Adams, “John Cacioppo: ‘Loneliness Is like an Iceberg—It Goes Deeper than We Can See,’” Guardian, February 28, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/28/loneliness-is-like-an-iceberg-john-caciopposocial-neuroscience-interview.
  2. Emily Singer, “New Evidence for the Necessity of Loneliness,” Quanta Magazine,May 10, 2016, accessed September 5, 2019, https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-evidence-for-the-necessity-of-loneliness-20160510/.
  3. Susanne Shultz, Christopher Opie, and Quentin D. Atkinson, “Stepwise evolution of stable sociality in primates,” Nature 479, no. 7372 (2011): 219–22,https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10601.
  4. William von Hippel, The Social Leap: The New Evolutionary Science of Who We Are, Where We Come From, and What Makes Us Happy (New York: Harper Wave, 2018).
  5. Christopher Weber, “Division of the Social Sciences,” Psychology’s John and Stephanie Cacioppo: Love on the Brain,” Division of the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, accessed September 22, 2019, https://socialsciences.uchicago.edu/story/psychologys-john-and-stephanie-cacioppo-love-brain.
  6.  Tiffany M. Love, “Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine,” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 119 (2014): 49–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.06.011.
  7. Oscar Arias-Carrión and Ernst Pŏppel, “Dopamine, learning, and reward-seeking behavior,” Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, US National Library of Medicine, 2007, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18320725.
  8. Gareth Cook, “Why We Are Wired to Connect,” Scientific American, October 22, 2013, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-we-are-wiredto-connect/.
  9. Ibid.
  10. Olga Khazan, “How Loneliness Begets Loneliness,” The Atlantic, April 6,2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/how-lonelinessbegets-loneliness/521841/.
  11. CC Goren, M. Satry, and PY Wu, “Visual Following and Pattern Discrimination of Face-like Stimuli by Newborn Infants,” Pediatrics 56, no. 4 (October 1975): 544–49, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1165958.
  12. Olivier Pascalis, Michelle de Haan, and Charles A. Nelson, “Is Face Processing Species-Specific During the First Year of Life?,” Science 296 (May 2002):1321–23, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070223.
  13. David J. Kelly, Paul C. Quinn, Alan M. Slater, Kang Lee, Alan Gibson, Michael Smith, Liezhong Ge, and Olivier Pascalis, “Three-month-olds, but not newborns, prefer own-race faces,” Developmental Science 8, no. 6 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.0434a.x.
  14. David J. Kelly, Paul C. Quinn, Alan M. Slater, Kang Lee, Liezhong Ge, and Olivier Pascalis, “The Other-Race Effect Develops During Infancy Evidence of Perceptual Narrowing,” Psychological Science 18, no. 12 (December 2007):1084–89, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.2007.02029.x.
  15. Liu Shaoying, Naiqi G. Xiao, Paul C. Quinn, Dandan Zhu, Liezhong Ge,Olivier Pascalis, and Kang Lee, “Asian infants show preference for own-race but not other-race female faces: the role of infant caregiving arrangements,” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (2015): 593, https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2015.00593.
  16. Steven W. Cole, John P. Capitanio, Katie Chun, Jesusa M. G. Arevalo, Jeffrey Ma, and John T. Cacioppo, “Myeloid Differentiation Architecture of Leukocyte Transcriptome Dynamics in Perceived Social Isolation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 49 (2015): 15142–47, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514249112.
  17.  John T. Cacioppo, Louise C. Hawkley, Gary G. Berntson, John M. Ernst,Amber C. Gibbs, Robert Stickgold, and J. Allan Hobson, “Do Lonely Days Invade the Nights? Potential Social Modulation of Sleep Efficiency,” Psychological Science 13, no. 4 (2002): 384–87, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9280.00469.
  18. S. Cacioppo, M. Bangee, S. Balogh, C. Cardenas-Iniguez, P. Qualter, J.T. Cacioppo, “Loneliness and implicit attention to social threat: A highperformance electrical neuroimaging study,” Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 1–4 (January–October 2016): 138–59, https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2015.1070136.
  19. Emily Singer, “New Evidence for the Necessity of Loneliness,” Quanta Magazine,May 10, 2016, accessed September 5, 2019, https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-evidence-for-the-necessity-of-loneliness-20160510/.
  20. Jianjun Gao, Lea K. Davis, Amy B. Hart, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Lide Han,John T. Cacioppo, and Abraham A. Palmer, “Genome-Wide Association Study of Loneliness Demonstrates a Role for Common Variation,” Neuropsychopharmacology 42, no. 4 (2016): 811–21, https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.197.
  21. Heather Buschman, “Do These Genes Make Me Lonely? Study Finds Loneliness is a Heritable Trait,” UC San Diego News Center, September 20, 2016,https ://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/index.php/pressrelease/do_these_genes_make_me_lonely_study_finds_loneliness_is_a_heritable_trait.
  22. Emily Singer, “New Evidence for the Necessity of Loneliness,” Quanta Magazine, May 10, 2016, accessed September 5, 2019, https://www.quantamagazine.org/new-evidence-for-the-necessity-of-loneliness-20160510/.
  23. Olga Khazan, “How Loneliness Begets Loneliness,” The Atlantic, April 7, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/how-lonelinessbegets-loneliness/521841/.
  24. Naomi I. Eisenberger, “The Neural Bases of Social Pain,” Psychosomatic Medicine 74, no. 2 (2012): 126–35, https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e3182464dd1.
  25. N. I. Eisenberger and M. D. Lieberman, “Why rejection hurts: The neurocognitive over-lap between physical and social pain,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (2004): 294–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010.
  26. C. Nathan DeWall, Geoff MacDonald, Gregory D. Webster, Carrie L. Masten, Roy F. Baumeister, Caitlin Powell, David Combs, et al., “Acetaminophen Reduces Social Pain,” Psychological Science 21, no. 7 (2010): 931–37, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374741.
  27. Naomi I. Eisenberger, Matthew D. Lieberman, and Kipling D. Williams,“Does Rejection Hurt? An FMRI Study of Social Exclusion,” PsycEXTRA Dataset, October 10, 2003, 290–92, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134.

 

第三章 不同文化下的人際互動

  1. Amanda Mabillard, “Words Shakespeare Invented,” Shakespeare-online.com,August 20, 2000, accessed September 5, 2019, http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/wordsinvented.html.
  2. John Donne, The Best of John Donne, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012.
  3. John Milton, Paradise Lost, 1667, reprint Sirius Entertainment, 2017.
  4. Fay Bound Alberti, “The history of loneliness,” The Week, October 13, 2018, https://theweek.com/articles/798959/history-loneliness.
  5. Ami Rokach, “The Effect of Gender and Culture on Loneliness: A Mini Review,”Emerging Science Journal 2, no. 2 (April 2018), https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2018-01128.
  6. Bastian Mönkediek and Hilde Bras, “Strong and weak family ties revisited:reconsidering European family structures from a network perspective,” History of the Family 19, no. 2 (March 2014): 235–59, https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2014.897246.
  7. Ami Rokach, Loneliness Updated: Recent Research on Loneliness and How It Affects Our Lives (New York: Routledge, 2015).
  8. D. Paul Johnson and Larry C. Mullis, “Growing old and lonely in different societies: Toward a comparative perspective,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 2, no. 3 (1987): 257–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00160684.
  9. Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments: King James Version (New York: American Bible Society, 2010).
  10. Kevin MacDonald, A People That Shall Dwell Alone: Judaism as a Group Evolutionary Strategy (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994), https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0379/ec6cce2c8b6054547e0acf4dc417ce0b950c.pdf.
  11. Amanda Duberman, “Here’s What One Of America’s Most Isolated Communities Can Teach Us About Getting Along,” HuffPost, April 13, 2018, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/hutterites-rural-religious-photos_n_5accee42e4b0152082fe4005.
  12. Yossi Katz and John Lehr, Inside the Ark: The Hutterites of Canada and The United States (Regina: Canadian Plains Researcher Center Press, 2012), https://books.google.com/books?id=-00f6NEsLUQC&pg=PA160&lpg=PA16 0&dq=sorga lahut terite&source=bl&ot s=6_ JRNGy-6Wa&sig=ACfU3U2CbJzKyGSB6AtMqN6q204jrwydAQ&hl=en&sa=X-&ved=2ahUKEwjLl7aNwrHkAhVLFjQIHXD2D6IQ6AEwCnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=sorgalahutterite&f=false.
  13. Mary-Ann Kirby, I Am Hutterite: The Fascinating True Story of a Young Woman’s Journey to Reclaim Her Heritage (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2011).
  14. John T. Cacioppo, Louise C. Hawkley, Gary Berntson, John M. Ernst, Amber C. Gibbs, Robert Stickgold, and J. Allan Hobson, “Do Lonely Days Invade the Nights? Potential Social Modulation of Sleep Efficiency,” Psychological Science 13, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 384–87.
  15. Lianne M. Kurina, Kristen L. Knutson, Louise C. Hawkley, John T. Cacioppo, Diane S. Lauderdale, and Carole Ober, “Loneliness Is Associated with Sleep Fragmentation in a Communal Society,” Sleep 34, no. 11 (2011): 1519–26, https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1390.
  16. Hlumelo Siphe Williams, “What Is the Spirit of Ubuntu – and How Can We Have It in Our Lives?,” Global Citizen, October 19, 2018, https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/ubuntu-south-africa-together-nelsonmandela/.
  17. Luzia C. Heu, Martijn Van Zomeren, and Nina Hansen, “Lonely Alone or Lonely Together? A Cultural-Psychological Examination of Individualism– Collectivism and Loneliness in Five European Countries,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 5 (2018): 780–93, https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218796793.
  18. Dan Buettner, The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who’ve Lived the Longest (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010).
  19. Ami Rokach, “The Effect of Gender and Culture on Loneliness: A Mini Review,” Emerging Science Journal 2, no. 2 (April 2018), https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2018-01128.
  20. Barry Golding, The Men’s Shed Movement: The Company of Men (Champaign,IL: Common Ground Publishing, 2015).
  21. Lucia Carragher, “Men’s Sheds in Ireland: Learning through community contexts,” The Netwell Centre School of Health & Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, February 2013, http://menssheds.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Men%E2%80%99s-Sheds-in-Ireland-National-Survey.pdf.
  22. Ami Rokach, “The Effect of Gender and Culture on Loneliness: A Mini Review,” Emerging Science Journal 2, no. 2 (April 2018), https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2018-01128.
  23. M. Katherine Weinberg, Edward Z. Tronick, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and Karen L. Olson, “Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy,” Developmental Psychology 35, no. 1 (1999): 175–88, https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.35.1.175.
  24. Helene Schumacher, “Why more men than women die by suicide,” BBC, March 18, 2019, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190313-why-moremen-kill-themselves-than-women.
  25. “Statistics on Suicide in Australia,” Lifeline, accessed September 14, 2019, https://www.lifeline.org.au/about-lifeline/media-centre/lifeline-fast-facts.
  26. “Suicide Statistics,” American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, accessed September 14, 2019, https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics/.
  27.  “Male:Female Ratio of Age-Standardized Suicide Rates, 2016,” World Health Organization, accessed September 14, 2019, http://gamapserver.who.int/map Library/Files/Maps/Global_AS_suicide_rates_male_female_ratio_2016.png.
  28. Paul R. Albert, “Why Is Depression More Prevalent in Women?,” Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, July 2015, https://dx.doiorg/10.1503%2Fjpn.150205.
  29. Centre for Suicide Prevention, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.suicideinfo.ca/.
  30. Helene Schumacher, “Why more men than women die by suicide,” BBC,March 18, 2019, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190313-why-moremen-kill-themselves-than-women.
  31. Carol Gillian, Annie G. Rogers, and Normi Noel, “Cartography of a Lost Time: Mapping the Crisis of Connection,” in The Crisis of Connection: Roots, Consequences, and Solutions, ed. Niobe Way, Alisha Ali, Carol Gilligan, and Pedro A. Noguera (New York: New York University Press, 2018).
  32. Brené Brown, PhD, I Thought It Was Just Me (but It Isnt): Telling the Truth about Perfectionism, Inadequacy, and Power (New York: Gotham Books, 2008).
  33. Brené Brown, PhD, Women & Shame: Reaching Out, Speaking Truths & Building Connection (Austin, TX: 3C Press, 2004).
  34. Rosalind Wiseman, Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and the New Realities of Girl World, 3rd ed. (New York: Harmony Books, 2016).

 

第四章 正視孤獨的危害

  1. Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000).
  2. Robert Putnam. Interview by author, October 22, 2019.
  3. Rita Gunther McGrath, “The Pace of Technology Adoption Is Speeding Up,” Harvard Business Review, August 7, 2014, https://hbr.org/2013/11/the-paceof-technology-adoption-is-speeding-up.
  4. Amy Orben and Andrew K. Przybylski, “The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use,” Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 2 (2019): 173–82, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0506-1.
  5. Andrew K. Przybylski and Netta Weinstein, “A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis: Quantifying the Relations Between Digital-Screen Use and the Mental Well-Being of Adolescents,” Psychological Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 204–15, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0956797616678438.
  6. Brian A. Primack, Ariel Shensa, Jaime E. Sidani, Erin O. Whaite, Liu Yi Lin, Daniel Rosen, Jason B. Colditz, Ana Radovic, and Elizabeth Miller, “Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S.,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 53, no. 1 (2017): 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010.
  7. Ibid.
  8. Liu Yi Lin, Jaime E. Sidani, Ariel Shensa, Ana Radovic, Elizabeth Miller, Jason B. Colditz, Beth L. Hoffman, Leila M. Giles, and Brian A. Primack,“Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among U.S. Young Adults,” Depression and Anxiety 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 323–31, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4853817/.
  9. Jon Hamilton, “Think You’re Multitasking? Think Again,” NPR, October 2, 2008, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95256794.
  10. Gloria Mark, Daniela Gudith, and Ulrich Klocke, “The Cost of Interrupted Work,” Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 08, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357072.
  11. Clay Skipper, “Why the Sharing Economy Is Making All of Us More Lonely,” GQ.com, August 10, 2018, https://www.gq.com/story/sharing-is-not-caring.
  12. Ibid.
  13. Ibid.
  14. Catherine de Lange, “Sherry Turkle: ‘We’re losing the raw, human part of being with each other,’” Guardian, May 4, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/05/rational-heroes-sherry-turkle-mit.
  15. Andrew K. Przybylski and Netta Weinstein, “Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-toface conversation quality,” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30, no. 3 (2012): 237–46, https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407512453827.
  16. James A. Roberts and Meredith E. David, “My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners,” Computers in Human Behavior 54 (2016): 134–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058.
  17. Sara H. Konrath, Edward H. Obrien, and Courtney Hsing, “Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis,”Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, no. 2 (August 2010): 180–98, https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310377395.
  18. Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, “Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds,” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, January 2010, https://www.kff.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/8010.pdf.
  19. Yalda T. Uhls, Minas Michikyan, Jordan Morris, Debra Garcia, Gary W.Small, Eleni Zgourou, and Patricia M. Greenfield, “Five Days at Outdoor Education Camp without Screens Improves Preteen Skills with Nonverbal Emotion Cues,” Computers in Human Behavior 39 (2014): 387–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.036.
  20. Peter Dizikes, “3 Questions: Sherry Turkle on ‘Reclaiming Conversation,’”MIT News, November 17, 2015, http://news.mit.edu/2015/3-questionssherry-turkle-reclaiming-conversation-1117.
  21. Jamie Ducharme, “Most Young Americans Are Lonely, Cigna Study Says,”TIME, May 1, 2018, https://time.com/5261181/young-americans-arelonely/.
  22.  “Are You Feeling Lonely?” Cigna, May 1, 2018, https://www.cigna.com/about-us/newsroom/studies-and-reports/loneliness-questionnaire.
  23. Ellen E. Lee, Colin Depp, Barton W. Palmer, Danielle Glorioso, Rebecca Daly, Jinyuan Liu, Xin M. Tu, Ho-Cheoi Kim, Peri Tarr, Yasunori Yamada, and Dilip V. Jeste, “High prevalence and adverse health effects of loneliness in community-dwelling adults across the life span: role of wisdom as a protective factor,” International Psychogeriatrics (December 2018): 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610218002120.
  24. Catherine Steiner-Adair and Teresa Barker, The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age (New York: Harper, 2014).
  25.  “Suicide Rates (per 100,000 Population),” World Health Organization,December 27, 2018, https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates/en/.
  26. Holly Hedegaard, Sally C. Curtin, and Margaret Warner, Suicide Mortality in the United States, 1999–2017, National Center for Health Statistics, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db330.htm.
  27. Erika Beras, “Bhutanese Refugees Face a High Suicide Rate,” Center for Health Journalism, January 29, 2014, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/bhutanese-refugees-face-high-suicide-rate.
  28. Panos Christodoulou, “This is how it feels to be lonely,” The Forum, March 11, 2015, http://migrantsorganise.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Loneliness-report_The-Forum_UPDATED.pdf.
  29. Ibid.
  30. Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), “International Migrant Stock 2019,” UN, accessed September 25,2019, https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/international-migrant-stock-2019.html.
  31. “Global Migration Indicators 2018,” Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC) International Organization for Migration, accessed September25, 2019, https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/global_migration_indicators_2018.pdf.
  32.  “Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2018 National Economic and Social Development,” National Bureau of Statistics of China, February 28, 2019, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/201902/t20190228_1651335.html
  33. Haining Wang, Fei Guo, and Zhiming Cheng, “A distributional analysis of wage discrimination against migrant workers in China’s urban labour market,” Urban Studies 52, no. 13 (October 2015): 2383–2403, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26146146.
  34.  “Brakes on China’s floating population,” South China Morning Post, September 19, 2019, https://www.scmp.com/article/980385/brakes-chinas-floating-population.
  35. Hisao Endo, “National Institute of Population and Social Security Research,” National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, 2017, http://www.ipss.go.jp/pr-ad/e/ipss_english2017.pdf.
  36. Yahoo! Travel, “From Rent-a-Friends to Chairs that Give Hugs: Japan’s Wacky Anti-Loneliness Attractions,” Yahoo! Lifestyle, November 7, 2014, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/attractions-to-beat-loneliness-in-japan-101965056519.html.
  37. Elizabeth Shim, “South Korea’s suicide rate declines, but not among elderly,” UPI, June 11, 2019, https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/06/11/South-Koreas-suicide-rate-declines-but-notamong-elderly/8341560265246/.
  38. “Why Are So Many Elderly Asians Killing Themselves?” NBC News, February 18, 2014, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/why-are-so-manyelderly-asians-killing-themselves-n32591.
  39.  “2017 National Population Projections Tables,” United States Census Bureau, accessed September 25, 2019, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popproj/2017-summary-tables.html.
  40. D’Vera Cohn and Paul Taylor, “Baby Boomers Approach 65 – Glumly,” Pew Research Center Social & Demographic Trends, December 20, 2010, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/12/20/baby-boomers-approach-65-glumly/.
  41. Kim Parker, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, Anna Brown, Richard Fry, D’Vera Cohn, and Ruth Igielnik, “Demographic and economic trends in urban, suburban and rural communities,” Pew Research Center Social & Demographic Trends, May 22, 2018, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2018/05/22/demographic-and-economic-trends-in-urban-suburban-and-ruralcommunities/.
  42. Ruth Igielnik and Anna Brown, “5 Facts about U.S. suburbs,” Pew Research Center, October 2, 2018, accessed August 29, 2019, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/02/5-facts-about-u-s-suburbs.
  43. Laura Santhanam, “Nearly 80 percent of Americans concerned lack of civility in politics will lead to violence, poll says,” Public Broadcasting Service,November 1, 2018, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/nearly-80-percent-of-americans-concerned-negative-tone-lack-of-civility-will-lead-to-violence-poll-says.
  44. Adam Waytz, Liane L. Young, and Jeremy Ginges, “Motive attribution asymmetry for love vs. hate drives intractable conflict,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 44 (2014): 15687–92, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414146111.
  45.  “Welcome to the Center for Courage & Renewal,” Center for Courage & Renewal,accessed September 6, 2019, http://couragerenewal.org.

 

第五章 揭開孤獨的真實面貌

  1. Frieda Fromm Reichmann, “Loneliness,” Psychiatry 22, no. 1 (1959): 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1959.11023153.
  2. Jean M. Twenge, Roy F. Baumeister, Dianne M. Tice, and Tanja S. Stucke, “If you can’t join them, beat them: Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, no. 6 (2001): 1058–69, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1058.
  3. “California Criminal Justice Reform: Potential Lessons for the Nation,” US House Committee on the Judiciary - Democrats, July 13, 2019, https://judiciary.house.gov/legislation/hearings/california-criminal-justice-reform-potential-lessons-nation.
  4. John Cacioppo and Stephanie Cacioppo, “The Social Muscle,” Harvard Business Review, October 2, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/10/the-social-muscle.
  5. A Vedanta Kesari Presentation, Service: Ideal and Aspects (Chennai, India: Lulu Press, Inc., May 2, 2014).
  6.  “Hinduism & Service,” American World Hindu Service, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.ahwsngo.org/hinduism-and-service.
  7. Christian Smith and Hilary Davidson, The Paradox of Generosity: Giving We Receive, Grasping We Lose (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014).
  8. Ashoka, “12 Great Quotes From Gandhi On His Birthday,” Forbes, October 2, 2012, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashoka/2012/10/02/12-great-quotesfrom-gandhi-on-his-birthday/.
  9. Valeria Motta, “Interview with Steve Cole on Loneliness,” Imperfect Cognitions (blog), November 10, 2016, https://imperfectcognitions.blogspot.com/2016/11/interview-with-steve-cole-on-loneliness.html.
  10. Tristen K. Inagaki, Kate E. Bryne Haltom, Shosuke Suzuki, Ivana Jevtic, Erica Hornstein, Julienne E. Bower, and Naomi I. Eisenberger, “The Neurobiology of Giving Versus Receiving Support,” Psychosomatic Medicine 78, no. 4 (May 2016): 443–53, https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000302.
  11. Dawn C. Carr, Ben Lennox Kail, Christina Matz-Costa, and Yochai Z. Shavit,“Does Becoming A Volunteer Attenuate Loneliness Among Recently Widowed Older Adults?” The Journals of Gerontology: Series B 73, no. 3 (July 2017): 501–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx092.
  12. Bill Wilson, Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, [1939] 2001).
  13.  “Questions & Answers on Sponsorship,” Questions & Answers on Sponsorship (New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1976), https://www.aa.org/assets/en_US/p-15_Q&AonSpon.pdf.
  14. Bryan E. Robinson, #Chill: Turn off Your Job and Turn on Your Life (New York: William Morrow, 2018).
  15. “Trauma,” SAMHSA-HRSA Center for Integrated Health Solutions, accessed September 30, 2019, https://www.integration.samhsa.gov/clinical-practice/trauma.
  16. Melissa T. Merrick, Derek C. Ford, Katie A. Ports, and Angie S. Guinn,“Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences From the 2011–2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 23 States,” JAMA Pediatrics 172, no.11 (September 1, 2018): 1038–44, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2537.
  17. Emmy E. Werner, “Risk, resilience, and recovery: Perspectives from the Kauai Longitudinal Study,” Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 4 (1993):503–15, https://doi.org/10.1017/s095457940000612x.
  18. Emmy Werner, “Resilience and Recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study,” FOCAL POiNT Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health 19, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 11–14, https://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/fpS0504.pdf.
  19. Emmy Werner and Ruth Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992).
  20. Emmy Werner, “Risk, Resilience, and Recovery,” Reclaiming Children and Youth 21, no. 1 (2012): 18–23.
  21. Mary Karapetian Alvord and Judy Johnson Grados, “Enhancing Resilience in Children: A Proactive Approach,” Professional Psychology: Research and Prac- tice 36, no. 3 (2005): 238–45, https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0735-7028.36.3.238.
  22. Camelia E, Hostinar and Megan R. Gunnar, “Social Support Can Buffer against Stress and Shape Brain Activity,” AJOB Neuroscience, US National Library of Medicine,July 1, 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607089/.
  23. “Toxic Stress,” Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, accessed October 1, 2019, https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/toxic-stress.
  24. Jessica Mitchell, PhD, “2018 Big Brothers Big Sisters of America Annual Impact Report,” Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, April 2019, accessed August 30, 2019, https://www.bbbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018-BBBSA-Annual-Impact-Report.pdf.
  25. “Research on Big Brothers Big Sisters,” Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, accessed October 2, 2019, https://www.bbbs.org/research/.
  26. René Veenstra, Siegwart Lindenberg, Anke Munniksma, and Jan Kornelis Dijkstra,“The Complex Relation Between Bullying, Victimization, Acceptance, and Rejection: Giving Special Attention to Status, Affection, and Sex Differences,” Child Development 81, no. 2 (March 24, 2010): 480–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01411.x.
  27. Shireen Pavri, “Loneliness: The Cause or Consequence of Peer Victimization in Children and Youth,” The Open Psychology Journal 8, no. 1 (2015): 78–84, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101508010078.
  28. Mechthild Schäfer, Stefan Korn, Peter K. Smith, Simon C. Hunter, Joaqún A.Mora-Merchán, Monika M. Singer, Kevin Van der Meulen, “Lonely in the crowd: Recollections of bullying,” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 22, no. 3 (September 2004): 379–94, https://doi.org/10.1348/0261510041552756.
  29. Deborah Lessne and Christina Yanez, “Student Reports of Bullying: Results From the 2015 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey,” National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, a part of the US Department of Education, December 20, 2016. https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2017015.
  30. Pernille Due, Bjørn E. Holstein, John Lynch, Finn Diderichsen, Saoirse Nic Gabhain, Peter Scheidt, Candace Currie, and The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Bullying Working Group, “Bullying and Symptoms among School-Aged Children: International Comparative Cross Sectional Study in 28 Countries,” European Journal of Public Health 15, no. 2 (April 2005):128–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki105.

 

第六章 理解自己、接納自己

  1. “American College Health Association National Assessment, Fall 2018,” American College Health Association (ACHA), October 2018, https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NCHA-II_Fall_2018_Reference_Group_Executive_Summary.pdf.
  2. Kali H. Trzesniewski and Susan Ebeler, “First year college students’ sense of belonging,” Unpublished data, University of California, Davis, 2019.
  3. Ibid.
  4. Daniel Eisenberg, Ezra Golberstein, and Justin B. Hunt, “Mental Health and Academic Success in College,” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 9, no. 1 (September 14, 2009), https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2191.
  5. Megan Foley Nicpon, Laura Huser, Elva Hull Blanks, Sonja Sollenberger, Christie Befort, and Sharon E. Robinson Kurpius, “The Relationship of Loneliness and Social Support with College Freshmen’s Academic Performance and Persistence,” Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 8, no. 3 (2006): 345–58, https://doi.org/10.2190/a465-356m-7652-783r.
  6. Catharine Beyes, Angela Davis-Unger, Nana Lowell, Debbie McGhee, and Jon Peterson, “UW Undergraduate Retention and Graduation Study,” University of Washington Office of Educational Assessment, June 2014, accessed August 31, 2019, http://depts.washington.edu/assessmt/pdfs/reports/OEAReport1401.pdf.
  7. Genevieve Glatsky, “A college junior wants you to have a deep conversation with 20 strangers in Center City,” Daily Pennsylvanian, October 26, 2016, https://www.thedp.com/article/2016/10/space-conversation-with-strangers-serena-bian.
  8. Thomas Merton, The Wisdom of the Desert: Sayings from the Desert Fathers of the Fourth Century (New York: New Directions Publishing Corp, 1970).
  9. Susan Cain, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking (New York: Broadway Books, 2012).
  10. Julieta Galante, Ignacio Galante, Marie-Jet Bekkers, and John Gallacher, “Effect of kindness-based meditation on health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 82, no. 6 (December 2014): 1101–1104, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0037249.
  11. Xianglong Zeng, Cleo P. K. Chiu, Rong Wang, Tian P. S. Oei, and Freedom Y. K. Leung, “The effect of loving-kindness meditation on positive emotions: a meta-analytic review,” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (November 3, 2015): 1693, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01693.
  12. Christopher R. Long and James R. Averill, “Solitude: An Exploration of Benefits of Being Alone,” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 33, no. 1 (2003): 21–44, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00204.
  13. 13 Paul Piff and Dacher Keltner, “Why Do We Experience Awe?” New York Times, May 22, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/24/opinion/sunday/why-do-we-experience-awe.html.
  14. Paul K. Piff, Pia Dietze, Matthew Feinberg, Daniel M. Stancato, and Dacher Keltner, “Awe, the Small Self, and Prosocial Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108, no. 6 (2015): 883–99, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000018.

 

第七章 建立堅實的人際網絡

  1. Kate Murphy, “Do Your Friends Actually Like You?,” New York Times, August 6, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/opinion/sunday/do-yourfriends-actually-like-you.html.
  2. Olga Khazan, “How Loneliness Begets Loneliness,” Atlantic Media Company, April 6, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/how-loneliness-begets-loneliness/521841/.
  3. John T. Cacioppo, “John Cacioppo on How to Cope with Loneliness,” Big Think, November 3, 2008, https://bigthink.com/videos/john-cacioppo-onhow-to-cope-with-loneliness.
  4. Liz Mineo, “Good genes are nice, but joy is better,” Harvard Gazette, April 11, 2017, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/04/over-nearly-80-years-harvard-study-has-been-showing-how-to-live-a-healthy-and-happy-life/.
  5. Robert Waldinger, What makes a good life? Lessons from the longest study on happiness, November 2015, TED, 12:36, https://www.ted.com/talks/robert_waldinger_what_makes_a_good_life_lessons_from_the_longest_study_on_happiness..
  6. Stephanie Coontz, “Too Close for Comfort,” New York Times, November 6,2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/07/opinion/07coontz.html.
  7. Kim Parker and Renee Stepler, “As U.S. marriage rate hovers at 50%, educational gap in marital status widens,” Pew Research Center, September 14, 2017, https://www.city-journal.org/decline-of-family-loneliness-epidemic.
  8. Wendy Wang and Kim Parker, “Record Share of Americans Have Never Married,” Pew Research Center Social & Demographic Trends, January 14, 2015, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2014/09/24/record-share-of-americanshave-never-married/.
  9. Gallup, Inc. “State of the American Workplace,” Gallup.com, 2017, accessed August 8, 2019, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/238085/state-american-workplace-report-2017.aspx.
  10. Shawn Achor, Gabriella Rosen Kellerman, Andrew Reece, and Alexi Robichaux,“America’s Loneliest Workers, According to Research,” Harvard Business Review, April 11, 2018, https://hbr.org/2018/03/americas-loneliest-workers-according-to-research.
  11. Hakan Ozcelik and Sigal G. Barsade, “No Employee an Island: Workplace Loneliness and Job Performance,” Academy of Management Journal 61, no. 6 (2018): 2343–66, https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.1066.
  12. Annamarie Mann, “Why We Need Best Friends at Work,” Gallup.com, January 15, 2018, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236213/why-need-bestfriends-work.aspx.
  13. Rodd Wagner and Jim Harter, “The Tenth Element of Great Managing,” Gallup Business Journal, February 14, 2008, https://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/104197/tenth-element-great-managing.aspx.
  14. Annamarie Mann, “Why We Need Best Friends at Work,” Gallup.com, August 7, 2019, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236213/why-need-bestfriends-work.aspx.
  15. Wayne Baker, Rob Cross, and Melissa Wooten, “Positive Organizational Network Analysis and Energizing Relationships,” in Positive Organizational Scholarship Foundations of a New Discipline, ed. Kim S. Cameron, Jane E. Dutton, and Robert E. Quinn (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2003), http://webuser.bus.umich.edu/wayneb/pdfs/energy_networks/pona.pdf.
  16. Ibid.
  17. Jane E. Dutton and Emily D. Heaphy, “The Power of High-Quality Connections,” in Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline, ed. Kim S. Cameron, Jane E. Dutton, and Robert E. Quinn (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2003), http://webuser.bus.umich.edu/janedut/high%20quality%20connections/power%20high%20quality.pdf.
  18. Wayne Baker, “The More You Energize Your Coworkers, the Better Everyone Performs,” Harvard Business Review, September 15, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/09/the-energy-you-give-off-at-work-matters.
  19. Bradley P. Owens, Wayne E. Baker, Dana McDaniel Sumpter, and Kim S. Cameron, “Relational energy at work: Implications for job engagement and job performance,” Journal of Applied Psychology 101, no. 1 (January 2016): 35–49, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/apl0000032.
  20. J. E. Dutton, Energize Your Workplace: How to Create and Sustain High-Quality Connections at Work (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 2003).
  21. Wayne Baker, “The More You Energize Your Coworkers, the Better Everyone Performs,” Harvard Business Review, September 15, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/09/the-energy-you-give-off-at-work-matters.
  22. Nicholas Epley, “Let’s make some Metra noise,” Chicago Tribune, June 3, 2011, https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/ct-xpm-2011-06-03-ct-perspec-0605-metra-20110603-story.html.
  23. Eric Klinenberg, Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2015).
  24. Tim Adams, “John Cacioppo: ‘Loneliness is like an iceberg – it goes deeper than we can see,’” The Guardian, February 28, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/28/loneliness-is-like-an-iceberg-john-cacioppo-social-neuroscience-interview.
  25. Michele Debczark, “English Towns Are Installing ‘Chat Benches’ to Combat Loneliness,” Mental Floss, June 26, 2019, https://mentalfloss.com/article /586572/chat-benches-combat-loneliness-in-uk.

 

第八章 親師協力，陪伴螢幕世代走出數位迷霧

  1. Carl Desportes Bowman, James Davidson Hunter, Jeffrey S. Dill, and Megan Juelfs-Swanson, “Culture of American Families: Executive Report,” Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture, 2012, http://sociology.as.dev.artsci.virginia.edu/sites/sociology.as.virginia.edu/files/IASC_CAF_ExecReport.pdf.
  2.  “The Children We Mean to Raise: The Real Messages Adults Are Sending About Values,” Making Caring Common, July 7, 2014, https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/reports/children-mean-raise.
  3. Roy F. Baumeister, Jean M. Twenge, and Christopher K. Nuss, “Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83, no. 4 (November 2002): 817–27, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.817.
  4. Helen Y. Weng, Andrew S. Fox, Alexander J. Shackman, Diane E. Stodola, Jessica Z. K. Caldwell, Matthew C. Olson, Gregory M. Rogers, and Richard J. Davison, “Compassion Training Alters Altruism and Neural Responses to Suffering,” Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (July 2013): 1171-1180, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612469537.
  5. Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler, Peer Power: Preadolescent Culture and Identity (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003).
  6. Kathryn M. LaFontana and Antonius H. N. Cillessen, “Developmental Changes in the Priority of Perceived Status in Childhood and Adolescence,” Social Development 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2010): 130–47, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00522.x.
  7. Nancy G. Guerra and Catherine P. Bradshaw, “Linking the prevention of problem behaviors and positive youth development: Core competencies for positive youth development and risk prevention,” New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2008, no. 122 (2008): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.225.
  8. Lise M. Youngblade, Christina Theokas, John Schulenberg, Laura Curry, I-Chan Huang, and Maureen Novak, “Risk and Promotive Factors in Families, Schools, and Communities: A Contextual Model of Positive Youth Development in Adolescence,” Pediatrics 119, Supplement 1 (March 2007): S47–S53, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2089h.
  9. “The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens,” Common Sense, 2015, https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/census_researchreport.pdf.
  10. Catherine Steiner-Adair and Teresa Barker, The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age (New York: Harper, 2014).
  11. Lori Nathanson, Susan E. Rivers, Lisa M. Flynn, and Marc A. Brackett, “Creating Emotionally Intelligent Schools With RULER,” Emotion Review 8, no. 4 (2016): 305–10, https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916650495.
  12. Marc A. Brackett and Susan E. Rivers, “Transforming Students’ Lives with Social and Emotional Learning,” in International Handbook of Emotions in Education, ed. Reinhard Pekrun and Lisa Linnenbrink-Garcia (New York: Routledge, 2014): 368, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203148211.ch19.
  13. Carolin Hagelskamp, Marc A. Brackett, Susan E. Rivers, and Peter Salovey,“Improving Classroom Quality with The RULER Approach to Social and Emotional Learning: Proximal and Distal Outcomes,” American Journal of Community Psychology 51, no. 3–4 (2013): 530–43, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9570-x.
  14. Ruth Castillo, Pablo Fernández-Berrocal, and Marc A. Brackett, “Enhancing Teacher Effectiveness in Spain: A Pilot Study of The RULER Approach to Social and Emotional Learning,” Journal of Education and Training Studies 1, no. 2 (2013), https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v1i2.203.
  15. Susan E. Rivers, Marc A. Brackett, Maria R. Reyes, Nicole A. Elbertson, and Peter Salovey, “Improving the Social and Emotional Climate of Classrooms: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the RULER Approach,”Prevention Science 14, no. 1 (November 28, 2012): 77–87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0305-2.
  16. Maria Regina Reyes, Marc A. Brackett, Susan E. Rivers, Nicole A. Elbertson, and Peter Salovey, “The Interaction Effects of Program Training, Dosage, and Implementation Quality on Targeted Student Outcomes for The RULER Approach to Social and Emotional Learning,” School Psychology Review 41, no.1 (2012): 82–99, http://ei.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/pub318_Reyesetal2012_SPR.pdf
  17. Marc A. Brackett, Susan E. Rivers, Maria R. Reyes, and Peter Salovey, “Enhancing academic performance and social and emotional competence with the RULER feeling words curriculum,” Learning and Individual Differences 22, no. 2 (2012): 218–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.10.002.
關鍵詞： 心靈成長
當我們一起-封面圖 詳細資訊
當我們一起 疏離的時代，愛與連結是弭平傷痕、終結孤獨的最強大復原力量
維偉克．莫西 (Vivek H. Murthy)

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